In addition to the prevention of head injuries and immediate screening on the touchline, a core focus is the optimum medical treatment of the athlete after a head injury. Due to the different therapeutic consequences, our primary diagnostic interest after a head injury is the distinction between a primary central functional disorder (concussion or brain injury) and a peripheral disorder in the region of the balance organ in the inner ear (inner ear concussion or injury) or injury to the cervical spine. Preseason baseline tests help to identify even the smallest of abnormalities that an athlete may not notice in everyday life. In addition, “normal” test results after a head injury may also be of clinical relevance to practicing a given sport. We focus on the development and compilation of an ideal test battery for the athlete, to ensure that the different neurological systems are assessed as objectively as possible and to guarantee an early and safe return to the sport.